Machine Learning

Pan, Sinno Jialin / Qiang Yang (2010) - A survey on transfer learning

Khosravi, Hassan / Bina, Bahareh (2010) - A survey on statistical relational learning

Bousquet, Olivier et al. (2004) - Introduction to statistical learning theory


Neural Networks

Schmidhuber, Jürgen (2014) - Deep learning in neural networks: An overview

Cho, Youngmin / Saul, Lawrence K.  (2009) - Kernel Methods for Deep Learning


Philosophy

Wigner, Eugene (1960)  - The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences

Hamming, Richard W. (1980) - The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics

Ivor Grattan-Guinness (2008) - Solving Wigner's Mystery: The Reasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences

Norvig, Peter (2009) - The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Data

Lindley, Dennis V. (2000) - The Philosophy of Statistics


uneingeordnet

Joshua B. Tenenbaum (2012) - How to Grow a Mind: Statistics, Structure, and Abstraction

If you happen to know other interesting literature you can shout it, and I may add it to my readinglist.